Use of mineral thermal furnaces and carbon electrodes
Mineral thermal furnaces are an important smelting equipment, and carbon electrodes are one of their key components, and they play an important role in industrial production.The following is a detailed analysis of the use of mineral thermal furnaces and carbon electrodes：
1. Overview of mine thermal power furnaces
A mineral thermal furnace is a kind of smelting equipment that uses electric current to generate an electric arc through a carbon electrode to melt the charge and perform chemical reactions.It is mainly used for smelting ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromic, nickel-iron and other ferroalloys, as well as industrial silicon, yellow phosphorus and other non-metallic minerals.Mineral thermal furnaces have the advantages of high thermal efficiency, fast smelting speed, and good product quality, so they have been widely used in industrial production.
2. Classification and characteristics of carbon electrodes
Carbon electrodes can be divided into several types such as carbon electrodes, graphite electrodes, self-baking electrodes and carbon electrodes according to their different raw materials and production processes. Their application in mineral thermal furnaces has its own characteristics.：
Carbon electrode: It is made of anthracite coal, metallurgical coke, bituminous coke and petroleum coke as raw materials, and the binder asphalt and tar are added and pressed into shape, and then calcined.Carbon electrodes have good electrical conductivity, high melting point and small coefficient of thermal expansion, and are suitable for smelting ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and other ferroalloys.
Graphite electrode: Using petroleum coke and asphalt coke as raw materials, carbon electrode is first made, and then processed by graphitization process.Graphite electrodes have the advantages of high high temperature strength, good oxidation resistance, and high allowable current density, and are especially suitable for ultra-high-power steelmaking electric arc furnaces.In mineral thermal furnaces, graphite electrodes are also commonly used in smelting high value-added products.
Self-baking electrode: The electrode paste is made from anthracite, coke, asphalt and tar as raw materials, and then loaded into the electrode shell. In the production process of the electric furnace, it relies on the joule heat generated by the current and the heat conduction in the furnace to sinter and coker on its own.The self-roasting electrode process is simple, low cost, can be used continuously, and can be roasted into large-diameter electrodes, especially suitable for ferroalloy smelting.
Carbon electrode: It is made of electro-calcined anthracite coal, petroleum coke, crushed graphite, coal asphalt, etc. as the main raw materials, and is processed by batching, forming, roasting, and machining.Carbon electrodes have the advantages of low cost, low resistivity, low electrode self-consumption, high bulk density, low ash content, and good oxidation resistance. They can replace graphite electrodes and electrode pastes in mine thermal furnaces to improve smelting efficiency and safety.
3. The use of carbon electrodes in mineral thermal furnaces
In mineral thermal furnaces, the use of carbon electrodes needs to pay attention to the following points：
Electrode selection: Select the appropriate carbon electrode according to the type of smelting product, furnace type, current load and other factors.For example, when smelting ferroalloys such as ferrosilicon, carbon electrodes or carbon electrodes can be used; when smelting high value-added products, graphite electrodes can be used.
Electrode installation and maintenance: The electrode should be installed correctly in the electrode shell to ensure good contact between the electrode and the charge.During use, the burning condition of the electrodes should be checked regularly and the severely burned electrodes should be replaced in time.At the same time, the electrode shell should be kept clean and dry to prevent leakage or leakage of electricity from the electrode shell.
Electrode consumption control: Electrode consumption is one of the important factors affecting the cost of smelting.Therefore, the consumption rate of the electrode should be reasonably controlled to extend the service life of the electrode.This can be achieved by optimizing the smelting process, improving the smelting efficiency, and strengthening the maintenance of electrodes.
Electrode replacement and extension: When the electrode is burned to a certain extent, it needs to be replaced or extended.When replacing the electrode, make sure that the new electrode is in good contact with the old electrode to avoid arcs or short circuits.When connecting the long electrode, make sure that the strength and conductivity of the long part meet the requirements.
4. Precautions in the use of carbon electrodes
Safe operation: When operating the mine thermal power furnace, protective equipment should be worn to ensure personal safety.At the same time, keep the work area well ventilated and avoid inhaling harmful gases.
Temperature control: The temperature and heating time should be reasonably adjusted according to the type of smelting product and furnace type to ensure the normal operation and working efficiency of the equipment.
Equipment maintenance: Regular maintenance and inspection of mineral thermal furnaces and carbon electrodes, including cleaning, lubrication, fastening and other work.At the same time, electrical equipment should be cleaned, insulation tested, and circuit contact checked to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
The use of mineral thermal furnaces and carbon electrodes is a complex and important process.Through the selection of suitable carbon electrodes, the correct installation and maintenance of electrodes, the reasonable control of electrode consumption speed, and the strengthening of equipment maintenance and other measures, the normal operation of the mine thermal power furnace and the improvement of smelting efficiency can be ensured.
